Caring for a bedridden loved one is challenging, and preventing pressure sores (bedsores) is one of the most important aspects of that care. These wounds can develop quickly—sometimes within hours—but with proper prevention strategies, most pressure sores are completely avoidable.
Critical Fact:
Up to 95% of pressure sores are preventable with proper care. This guide will show you how.
Understanding Pressure Sores
Pressure sores develop when sustained pressure reduces blood flow to the skin and underlying tissue. Without adequate blood flow, cells don't receive oxygen and nutrients—they begin to die, and a wound forms. Bedridden patients are particularly vulnerable because they can't easily shift their weight to relieve pressure.
High-Risk Pressure Points:
1. Reposition Regularly (Every 2 Hours)
The single most important prevention strategy is regular repositioning. Change your loved one's position at least every 2 hours around the clock. This relieves pressure on vulnerable areas and restores blood flow.
Repositioning Schedule Example:
Continue this pattern throughout the day and night.
2. Use Pressure-Relieving Surfaces
Special mattresses and cushions distribute weight more evenly and reduce pressure on vulnerable areas:
Foam Mattress Overlays
4-inch high-density foam placed on top of regular mattress. Good for moderate-risk patients.
Alternating Pressure Mattresses
Air cells inflate and deflate automatically, constantly shifting pressure points. Ideal for high-risk patients.
Gel or Air-Filled Cushions
For wheelchair use or sitting in bed. Reduces pressure on buttocks and tailbone.
3. Keep Skin Clean and Dry
Moisture weakens skin and increases friction, making pressure sores more likely. Follow these skin care guidelines:
- Clean promptly after incontinence: Use gentle, pH-balanced cleansers—not harsh soaps.
- Pat skin dry: Don't rub, which can damage fragile skin.
- Use barrier cream: Apply moisture barrier cream to areas prone to incontinence.
- Change wet linens immediately: Damp sheets increase friction and pressure.
- Moisturize dry skin: But not between skin folds where moisture could accumulate.
4. Inspect Skin Daily
Check all high-risk areas at least once daily (more often if patient is high-risk). Look for early warning signs:
Early Warning Signs:
- Red or discolored skin that doesn't turn white when pressed
- Skin that feels warmer or cooler than surrounding areas
- Swelling or firmness
- Patient reports pain or discomfort in specific area
Act immediately if you notice any of these signs! Early intervention prevents progression.
5. Optimize Nutrition and Hydration
Good nutrition is essential for maintaining healthy skin and preventing pressure sores:
Protein
Essential for tissue repair. Include lean meats, eggs, dairy, beans, or protein supplements if needed.
Hydration
Dehydration makes skin fragile. Ensure adequate fluid intake unless restricted by doctor.
Vitamins
Vitamin C and zinc support skin health. Consider supplements if dietary intake is inadequate.
Weight
Both underweight and overweight increase pressure sore risk. Work toward healthy weight.
6. Reduce Friction and Shear
Friction (rubbing) and shear (skin moving in opposite directions) damage skin. Prevent this by:
✓ Lift, don't drag: Use a draw sheet or mechanical lift to move patient, never slide them across sheets.
✓ Keep bed flat or low incline: High head-of-bed angles cause sliding and shearing. Use 30 degrees or less when possible.
✓ Use heel protectors: Boots or foam devices that "float" heels off the bed completely.
✓ Smooth linens: Remove wrinkles and keep sheets taut to reduce friction.
7. Encourage Movement (If Possible)
Even small movements help. If your loved one has any mobility:
- • Encourage them to shift weight every 15-30 minutes when sitting
- • Help with range-of-motion exercises in bed
- • Get them out of bed to a chair when medically appropriate
When to Seek Medical Help
Contact a healthcare provider immediately if you notice:
- Any break in the skin or open wound
- Red area that doesn't fade after pressure is relieved
- Signs of infection (warmth, drainage, odor, fever)
- Significant pain or discomfort in pressure areas
Remember
Prevention is always easier than treatment. By following these seven strategies consistently, you can dramatically reduce the risk of pressure sores developing. Your vigilance and dedicated care make all the difference.